Here we use Bayesian inference to combine data from astrophysical multi-messenger observations of neutron stars 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and from heavy-ion collisions of gold nuclei at relativistic energies 10, 11 with microscopic nuclear theory calculations 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 to improve our understanding of dense matter. Fortunately, dense matter is not probed only in astrophysical observations, but also in terrestrial heavy-ion collision experiments. However, our knowledge about dense matter explored in the cores of neutron stars remains limited. Interpreting high-energy, astrophysical phenomena, such as supernova explosions or neutron-star collisions, requires a robust understanding of matter at supranuclear densities.
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